Nasal polyps are non-cancerous growths in the lining of the nasal passage. They’re not harmful unless they get really big. When that happens, patients experience breathing problems and a loss of smell. It is important to recognize the problem early and take medications to reduce the size of the polyps to prevent that.

Identifying the cause is the first step. While experts don’t fully understand what causes nasal polyps, they know that certain diseases promote their development. In this article, we’re going to take a look at some conditions that often lead to nasal polyps.

1. Chronic sinusitis
Chronic sinusitis, also called chronic rhinosinusitis, affects the space inside your nose and head, called sinus. In this condition, the sinus becomes inflamed, making breathing difficult. But, what is even more worrying is that if chronic sinusitis lasts for weeks and months, it increases the risk of nasal polyps. Nearly 20% of people suffering from chronic sinusitis also have nasal polyps. The condition usually affects people between the ages of 30 and 40.

2. Nasal allergies
Nasal allergies, or allergic rhinitis, are also known to cause nasal polyps. They’re generally of two types — seasonal allergic rhinitis, hay fever, and perennial allergic rhinitis. The former is caused due to specific pollens, such as grass, weeds, and trees. Patients experience symptoms varying from itchy, watery eyes to sneezing. Perennial allergic rhinitis is triggered by animal dander, mold, and dust mites year-round. Regardless, both types of allergic rhinitis cause inflammation in the nose, which eventually leads to nasal polyps.

3. Allergic fungal sinusitis
Allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) is a common type of fungal infection in the sinuses. Fungi in the environment is responsible for this disorder. The allergic reaction to the fungi results in thick fungal debris, sticky mucus, and blockage of the infected sinus. The fungus also causes inflammation in the nose, which might in combination with all the other problems, lead to nasal polyps. Lookout for symptoms of AFS, as it can damage eyesight and sense of smell if left untreated.

4. Cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease that makes it difficult for patients to breathe. It causes mucus to build up in the body and block the airways, which leads to lung infections, breathing problems, and nasal polyps. Nasal polyps are especially common among patients, with 60% of people who have cystic fibrosis developing nasal polyps. The condition can affect anyone, although males are more likely to get it than females.

5. Asthma
About 39% of adults who have asthma also have nasal polyps. Up to 45% of those with nasal polyps develop asthma. The two conditions are closely linked, with the medical term for having nasal polyps and asthma called “nasal polyps and comorbid asthma,” or “NPcA.” It is a serious condition that demands immediate attention.